Crime and Justice Atlas

How Justice Is Served
Criminologists and Reformers

Howard S. Becker

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American sociologist who established labeling theory, holding that deviance is not an inherent quality of a person but the result of others defining an activity as deviant. His 1963 book Outsiders reframed how sociology understands deviance.

Facts
Birth YearSourced to the subject's own account
1928 1
Death YearSourced to the subject's own account
2023 1
NationalitySourced to the subject's own account
American 1
Defining ContributionSourced to the subject's own account
Established labeling theory, arguing deviance results from social labeling rather than any inherent quality of a person. 1
Notable WorkSourced to the subject's own account
Outsiders (1963) 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Theories Developed

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